Cyber risk can underlie the next financial crisis. Increasing trade policies on cross-border financial services have been implemented to manage cybersecurity concerns. Simply complying with the fragmented policies can cause unintended consequences for businesses and can even result in new cyber...

Issues of international trade policy have gained increased attention while cybersecurity has not been a key issue for trade policy until recently. Cybersecurity concerns have presented significant challenges, and cybersecurity-related allegations have become a major source of growing commercial...

Cyber attacks are increasing in frequency, sophistication, and impact. Defending against them requires a new perspective on the attacks and the attackers. By applying a value-chain lens to the problem, we can better understand the dark web as an ecosystem in which well-orchestrated attacks are...

Cross-border data flows and interoperability have created an increasingly digital global trade environment. Concerns for cybersecurity, privacy, and digital sovereignty have prompted the widespread implementation of trade policies regulating cross-border data flows. At present, there is a...

Cybersecurity concern is becoming a key issue for trade policy.Issues of international trade policy have recently gained increased attention. Of course, restrictions on international trade regarding technology have long existed – on imports and exports, as well as on direct foreign investment...

With the increasing interconnection of computer networks and sophistication of cyber attacks, it is important to understand the dynamics of such situations, especially in regards to cyber international relations. The Explorations in Cyber International Relations (ECIR) Data Dashboard Project is...

Growing global interconnection and interdependency of computer networks, in combination with increased sophistication of cyber attacks over time, demonstrate the need for better understanding of the collective and cooperative security measures needed to prevent and respond to cybersecurity...