We investigate the heterogeneity within the group of foreign direct investors and the relation between affiliates characteristics and parent productivity. Using data on Italian firms, we show that foreign direct investors differ in their productivity level according to their characteristics and...

This paper explores the impact of being part of a supply chain on the internationalization of firms. We show that even small and less productive firms, if involved in production chains, can take advantage of reduced costs of entry and economies of scale that enhance their probability to become...

This paper analyzes the participation of North African countries into international production networks and examines if/to what extent being part of a global value chain affects firms' performance. Using largely unexploited Input-Output data from UNCTAD-Eora, we describe regional and country GVC...