Airline fuel consumption is costly for the firms and for society as well due to a climate-change externality. We study how fuel price changes affect cost-minimizing choices by airlines that have implications for the extent of this externality. The airline industry's capital stock can be easily...

Airline fuel consumption is costly for the firms and for society as well due to a climate-change externality. We study how fuel price changes affect cost-minimizing choices by airlines that have implications for the extent of this externality. The airline industry's capital stock can be easily...

Goods which are pollution intensive in production may be increasingly imported as the United States' income grows, trade barriers fall, and environmental regulation increases. This paper studies trends in United States bilateral trade patterns to test whether the United States has increased its...

Demographic change can influence environmental policy if the demand for environmental regulation varies across demographic groups. For example, educational attainment is rising. If the more educated support greater environmental protection, then this trend predicts increased environmental...

Cities can be thought of as the absence of physical space between people and firms. As such, they exist to eliminate transportation costs for goods, people and ideas and transportation technologies dictate urban form. In the 21st century, the dominant form of city living is based on the...

Despite the concerns of many environmentalists, there is little evidence that global trade has led to the growth of pollution havens in poorer nations. Domestic pollution havens are a substitute for international pollution havens. Domestic pollution havens are likely to arise because...

Under communism, Eastern Europe's cities were significantly more polluted than their Western European counterparts. As ex-communist nations have made the transition to capitalism, these economies have experienced a composition shift in output. Manufacturing's share of employment is falling while...

In Beijing, the metropolitan government has made enormous place based investments to increase green space and to improve public transit. We examine the gentrification consequences of such public investments. Using unique geocoded real estate, new restaurant count data and demographic data by...

We use detailed microeconomic data to investigate why aggregate residential electricity consumption in California has been flat since 1980. Using unique micro data, we document the role that household demographics and ideology play in determining electricity demand. We show that building codes...

“Nudges” are being widely promoted to encourage energy conservation. We show that the popular electricity conservation “nudge” of providing feedback to households on own and peers' home electricity usage in a home electricity report is two to four times more effective with political...