The worldwide water supply represents a significant portion of the global energy consumption. This energy consumption, related to the collection, treatment and transportation of water, entails a large amount of costs. However, these costs are liable to be minimised with and/or without reduction...

With rapid urbanization and industrialization, China has become both the largest energy consumer and CO2 emitting country in the world. As a clean and low-carbon energy source, renewable energy is a good choice to substitute for the exhausted fossil energy. The Chinese central and local...

Global warming is a grave environmental issue that has caught the attention of the globe. Due to the consequences of global warming, UNFCCC has established the Kyoto Protocol and the Copenhagen Accord as measures of combating climate change due to the emission of greenhouse gases. It has been...

At present, countries around the world set off a round of upsurge of exploitation and utilization of geothermal energy. As one of renewable energy resources, geothermal energy has the advantages of great resource potential, low carbon emissions, widespread distribution, easy development and so...

The manuscript presents a method of interfacing renewable energy generators by means of Maximum Power Line tracking rather than Maximum Power Point tracking. The maximum power line connects the maximum power points of output I–V curves of a source for different values of power producing...

Recent surge in crude oil price, finite fossil oil resources, and environmental issues all have aroused grave concerns. The world in 2012 consumed up to 12,476.6 million tons oil equivalent and 87% of this energy came from fossil sources. Malaysia has encountered an increase in energy demand...

Undoubtedly, energy has a significant role in economic growth and technical developments. Renewable energy resources are becoming more important in recent years due to their tremendous contributions to the independence of power generation industry from traditional fossil energy resources. Wind...

The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the benefits and costs of the deployment of RES-E, electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E) in Spain between 2002 and 2011. The benefits refer to reductions of CO2 emissions and fossil-fuel imports. These are compared to the costs of...

This paper presents a method based on a new interpretation of the concept productiveness in order to manage local energy resources through smart loads. The assumption that electricity demand is almost completely inelastic is changing as a result of deregulated wholesale markets. In this line,...

Obtaining external financing for windfarms may be hindered over the next few years by the high degree of uncertainty that is inherent in these types of project. Therefore, promoters must carefully plan and analyse their projects and attempt to optimise the profitability/risk factor of each...