locating facilities and vehicle routing decisions to solve the problem. The case study is the Palm Oil Collection Center, which …-opening cost, fixed cost of vehicle uses and fuel consumption cost. The fuel consumption cost relies on the distance and road … conditions, in case of poor physical condition of a road, and its width, which can be affected the speed of the vehicle as well …

vehicle usage and paid fuel prices, I analyze consumers' response, focusing on three channels of mitigation: distance driven … vehicle owners achieve can mitigate up to 45 percent. …