The CIE (International Commission on Illuminance) Standard Skies depicts the typical diffuse luminance and radiance distributions over the skydome. However, it can be challenging to interpret the luminance and radiance distribution into the irradiance and illuminance contributions on tilt planes...

Solar irradiance and outdoor illuminance, particularly on vertical surfaces are crucial to energy-efficient building designs and daylighting schemes. In Hong Kong, only hourly horizontal global solar radiation data have been systematically recorded for a long period but no measurements of...

Recently, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) has adopted a range of 15 standard sky distributions representing the whole probable spectrum of actual skies in the world. Each sky standard has its own well-defined sky luminance pattern which can be conveniently used to calculate...

This article describes how surrogate-assisted evolutionary computation (SAEC) has widely applied to approximate expensive optimization problems, which require much computational time such as hours for one solution evaluation. SAEC may potentially also reduce the processing time of inexpensive...

Technological change co‐determines agri‐environmental performance and farm structural transformation. Meaningful impact assessment of related policies can be derived from farm‐level models that are rich in technology details and environmental indicators, integrated with agent‐based...

The recent advancement of agent-based modeling is characterized by higher demands on the pa-rameterization, evaluation and documentation of these computationally expensive models. Accordingly, there is also a growing request for “easy to go” applications just mimicking the input-output...