Products with high product variety are often made in a manufacturing process (or a supply chain) consisting of multiple stages, with products taking certain features or "personalities" at each stage. The product may start as a common single engine. As the product moves along manufacturing...

We show that if the analysis of the model of Lee and Tang used standard deviation rather than variance, some nonintuitive predictions of their analysis would be eliminated.

Third-party process certification programs such as the ISO 9001 and capability maturity model (CMM) have been widely adopted in recent years. In this study we employ three competing theoretical frameworks--signaling, efficiency gains, and institutional theory--to analyze the motivations for a...

Biorefineries, especially if based on woody biomass, may cause significant changes to the forest and wood-based industry. The resulting changes may, in turn, affect the economic feasibility of lignocellulosic biofuels production. In this article, we introduce a spatial partial equilibrium model...

Due to its suitability for using wet biomass, hydrothermal gasification is a promising process for the valorization of otherwise unused waste biomass to synthesis gas and biofuels. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based hybrid cycles are considered as the best candidate for a more efficient and...

Coal based polygeneration, a technology that couples power generation and chemical production, is a promising solution to the challenges of fossil fuel depletion and greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon monoxide shift process is a key unit in polygeneration, which adjusts hydrogen and CO ratio...

Despite the fact that a stand-alone ideal heat-integrated distillation column (ideal HIDiC) can be thermodynamically efficient and operationally stable, the application of an ideal HIDiC system to separate a close-boiling multi-component mixture is still a challenging problem because of the...