Inter-industry has various capital structures to take advantage of growth opportunities due to agency differences and information asymmetric problems. This research aims to analyze: (1) the differences in leverage between industries and (2) the impact of shareholders-debtholders conflict and...

The purpose of this study is to test the free cash flow agency theory hypothesis; namely, (a) whether differences in industrial sector affect a company's propensity to pay dividends, and (b) whether institutional ownership is able to substitute for the propensity to pay dividends as a bonding...

This study examines the effect of the pay gap on banks and compares the effectiveness of the tournament theory in Islamic banks (IB) and conventional banks (CB). This study expands the pay gap indicators used in previous studies by using three indicators: board of directors' pay gap,...