within and outside the banking sector. In our basic regression, we observe that ICT negatively impacts both types of bank … efficiency, with the effect varying depending on the type of bank. Notably, the coefficient of IBs is slightly higher than that … of CBs. Country governance (GC) moderates the negative effect of ICT on both types of bank efficiency. Additional …

regulation than supervision. Policy makers in the MENA countries need to focus more, in their financial sector reform, on bank …This study investigates the impact of bank regulation on financial development in the MENA countries for the period … supervisory power, independence, private monitoring, and moral hazard were used as proxies for bank supervision. Liquid …