Would society be better off, in aggregate economic terms, if altruism was more widely practiced among its members? Here I try to answer this question using an agent based computer simulation model of a simple agricultural society. A Monte Carlo exploration of the parameter landscapes allowed the...

Trading behavior occurs in many species but has a particularly elaborate form in humans. Trade is defined as the mutually beneficial, adaptive transfer of goods and services between organisms. Trade has a competitive element and responds to changes in relative scarcity. Trade is demonstrated to...

The cooperative societies, today, mainly the agricultural ones, take on a great deal of qualities which are not typical of themselves, and they are labelled in the market as ineffective, so they are discredited as companies. In this paper, we are concerned with the study of mutualities,...

The distinction between profit and non profit firms does not necessarily apply to some cooperative firms, such as the Italian mutual cooperative banks (MCBs). MCBs present a peculiar governance structure, a combination between a public company governance model and a non-profit one. The board of...

Putty-nosed monkeys, Cercopithecus nictitans stampflii, occur at various sites in West Africa, particularly in the transition zone between rainforest and savannah. The species is sometimes seen in primary rainforest, although at a curiously low density compared with that of other monkey species....