control policy is imperfect designed or implemented, its performance can be improved by an energy (output) tax/subsidy scheme …, where the subsidy is given only to renewable generators or for energy efficiency improvements. This combination can bring … needs to be applied globally to have its best effect and heterogeneous implementation (i.e. different levels of tax/subsidy …

strict product standard and in addition implements a moderate subsidy to firms, but avoids energy taxes. -- energy tax … ; energy efficiency standard ; subsidy ; vertically differentiated markets ; product quality …

small fraction of fiscal revenues from energy subsidy removal or energy taxation could be sufficient to compensate …