In this paper, the focus lies on the way the German government spends, how it spends and what the connection between finance ministry and central bank is. The institutions involved in the process are identified and discussed. As a member of the Eurozone, Germany's national central bank is not...

Introduction; Theoretical foundations; Substance and purposes of economic activity; Money and credit; Debts and balance sheets; The creation of bank deposits; The creation of central bank deposits; The instruments of a central bank (monetary policy); The creation of sovereign securities (fiscal...

Standard presentations of stock-flow consistent modeling use specific Post Keynesian closures, even though a given stock-flow accounting structure supports various different economic dynamics. In this paper we separate the dynamic closure from the accounting constraints and cast the latter in...

Die andauernde Finanzkrise hat tief iegende Probleme des ökonomischen Mainstreams offengelegt und lässt Forderungen nach einer Erneuerung des ökonomischen Denkens lauter werden. Die Autoren beschreiben die Kritik am Status quo und gehen dabei auf die Vorwürfe von Einseitigkeit, blinden...

The importance of liquidity and insolvency for nation states and banks has been highlighted by current economic woes in the eurozone and elsewhere. The concepts are grounded in monetary theory, which determine the way they are interpreted. Connected to the discussion of autometallism and...

Klimakrise, Pandemie, Ungleichheit, politischer Rechtsruck IBU grosse gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen, die es zu lösen gilt. Leider scheitern Reformen zumeist an der Frage: ?wie sollen wir das bezahlen?". Weit verbreitete Irrtümer zur Funktionsweise des Geldsystems und ökonomischen...