Purpose – Culture and cultural heritage are usually included in the general discussions on the construction of social … social trust and involvement of residents in non‐governmental organisations, yet both reflect well the broad array of impacts … policy making, not only in the field of culture and monument protection but also in other spheres, taking into account both …

reliability of building, while the non-physical aspects consist of historical values, heritage, symbols, socio-culture, local …

. Igbo creativity, especially interpreted through material culture, suffers the threat of extinction resulting from the … do often rely on material culture to study, periodise and date past human societies. In this study, it is found that … material culture, an expression of indigenous creativity, best interprets how society survived or related with their …