banknotes and take due account of other determinants of cash demand. We find a significant and positive relationship between the … cash demand equation including the shadow economy. …

This paper models the demand for banknotes issued in Germany. It highlights that all motives for holding banknotes are …. The transaction motive in the rest of the euro area and non-cash payments are part of the short-term dynamics. The long …

This paper explains and forecasts the demand for banknotes issued in Germany. For small and large denomination notes we …

. While the demise of cash is not imminent, it is important for the central bank to continue to evaluate its potential roles …

workstream of the Eurosystem Research Network on Cash (EURECA) have conducted a study on the foreign demand for euro banknotes …In order to understand why there is a continuous increase in euro banknote circulation even though the use of cash for … transactions is decreasing in the euro area – a phenomenon known as the paradox of banknotes – the members of the Overseas …

paper we gather indirect evidence on the behavior of prices from the analysis of cash withdrawals from ATM and their …

The quality of banknotes in the cash cycles of countries in the Eurosystem varies, despite all of these countries using … banknote quality in circulation as well as central bank cash cycle costs. Production variations in new banknotes, the fitness … identical euro banknotes. While it is known that this is dependent on national characteristics, such as public use and the …

We develop a model to explain a puzzling trend in cash demand in recent years: the value of bank notes in circulation … as a percentage of GDP has remained stable despite decreasing cash usage at points of sale owing to competition from … alternative means of payment such as credit cards. The main feature of the model is that cash circulates between economic …