This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of managerial choice of discretionary accounting methods and the use of the reporting process in income smoothing. After analyzing concepts of smoothing behavior, including managerial motivations to engage in smoothing, security market reactions to...

This study examines the relation between earnings management activities of firms issuing equity and the level of their subsequent equity issuance in the immediate future. We hypothesize that equity issuers with less need for subsequent equity issuances are more likely to engage in...

We investigate the extent to which income measurement by major early 20th century U.S. railroads shows evidence of reduced income smoothing and increased conservatism following new fixed asset accounting rules issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) in 1907 and 1908 and concurrent...