We study equity markets between 1900 and 1925 to provide a pure out-of-sample test of three major asset pricing anomalies: momentum, long-term reversal, and size. We find strong evidence of momentum in almost every market. Momentum is a local phenomenon, as the returns of momentum long-short...

We investigate the impact of increasing bank concentration on bank loan contracts in a lightly regulated environment. This environment allows us to abstract from possible confounding effects of regulation to focus on the “pure” effects of competition on bank lending. We study over 30,000...

We study nine equity markets between 1900 and 1925 to provide an out-of-sample test of three major asset pricing anomalies, momentum, long-term reversal, and size, in a period when anomalies were not yet known. We find strong evidence of momentum in almost every market. We find no evidence of...