Probit and logit models typically require a normalization on the error variance for model identification. This paper shows that in the context of sample mean probability decompositions, error variance normalizations preclude estimation of the effects of group differences in the latent variable...

Probit and logit models typically require a normalization on the error variance for model identification. This paper shows that in the context of sample mean probability decompositions, error variance normalizations preclude estimation of the effects of group differences in the latent variable...

Probit and logit models typically require a normalization on the error variance for model identification. This paper shows that in the context of sample mean probability decompositions, error variance normalizations preclude estimation of the effects of group differences in the latent variable...

The detection of discrimination on boards of directors is an interesting issue in the study of labour market inequalities, since the presence of a discriminated group would be especially scarce and tracking the possible causes of discrimination would be easier in the last steps of a professional...

La diversidad de género en los consejos de administración se ha convertido en un tema relevante en el ámbito del gobierno corporativo. Según este estudio, sólo el 6,61% de los consejeros de las 1.085 empresas españolas más grandes son mujeres. Resulta crucial identificar las causas y...

We study the consequences of gender representation on board work in listed firms in five Nordic countries. Using survey data on chairmen perceptions, we contribute to the literature on gender diversity in boards by providing an inside view. We find that the predominantly male chairmen are...

Increasing the participation of women in top-level corporate boards is high on the agenda of policymakers. Yet, we know little about director appointment dynamics and the drivers and impediments of women appointments. This study builds on organizational and group-level behavior theories and...

This paper examines the role of women helping women in corporate America. Using a merged panel of directors and executives for large U.S. corporations between 1997 and 2009, we find a positive association between the female share of the board of directors in the previous year and the female...

Using detailed employee-employer administrative data, we analyze the impact of the gender pay gap on the performance of firms and find that it depends on the presence of labor unions. When the firm is not unionized, the gender pay gap reduces profitability. In contrast, when unions are present,...

Despite decades of progress relative to men in work and schooling, women remain severely under-represented among top corporate and political leaders. This chapter discusses the current status and recent progress of women in leadership positions, with a focus on the realm of corporate leadership....