This paper investigates how monetary policy affects bank lending in Turkey. Kashyap and Stein (2000) show that if contractionary monetary policy affects the supply of bank loans, it will reduce lending more at banks with less liquid balance sheets. Here, it is found that this is true in Turkey,...

In 2005 55% of China's exports were "processed exports" produced using intermediate goods that came from other countries. The lion's share of the volume of imports for processing and of the value-added of processed exports came from other East Asian countries. We investigate how a unilateral...

Financial derivatives have harmed or destroyed numerous financial firms, nonfinancial firms, and municipalities in 1994 and 1995. This paper discusses the dangers of derivatives and also their benefits. It then considers policies that will maintain the benefits while containing the risks. These...

The performance of the U.S. economy between 1994 and 1998 was so good that some pundits began to call for the Federal Reserve to increase interest rates to depress economic activity and reduce asset prices. Using a combination of methods the author argues that slowing the economy to stabilize...

Japan is the leading supplier of sophisticated capital goods to East Asian countries. These goods embody advanced technologies and facilitate learning and productivity growth. Capital goods also represent 30%-40% of Japan's exports. This paper investigates the determinants of these exports....

In last few decades, Asian production networks have contributed significantly toward the rapid trade expansion and economic growth in East Asia. Developed Asia produces technology-intensive intermediate goods and capital goods and ships them to the People Republic of China (PRC) and ASEAN for...

Many argue that the yuan needs to appreciate to rebalance the People's Republic of China's trade. However, empirical evidence on the effects of a CNY appreciation on the People's Republic of China's exports has been mixed for the largest category of exports, processed exports. Since much of the...