negative effects on human rights, democracy and civil society. Therefore, it is important that European policymakers recognise …

, did not contribute to democratization nor to the stabilization of volatile political, military and economic structures … based on dubious concepts. Certainly, the impact of drug trafficking could endanger democratization and state-building if …

authoritarianism and the consolidation of a democratic regime. We analyse the impact of repression during the late Francoist regime … democratic period, but a significant and positive effect after 1981, once Spanish democracy consolidated. In order to probe into …

Current debates on democratization are overshadowed by the possible retreat of democracy and causes for the democratic … examine deeper challenges to democracy that have received marginal attention in democratization studies. I argue that (i) an … backslide worldwide. This paper seeks to shed some light on these issues in the African context. Is democracy on a retreat in …