Portfolio managers favor long-term investment horizons. Their performance is usually forecasted using either the arithmetic mean or the geometric mean. The harmonic mean is generally ignored as an instrument of financial and/or portfolio management. We examine the performance of the harmonic...

Purpose – We know that estimates of terminal value of long-term investment horizons are biased. Unbiased estimates exist only for investment horizon of one time-period. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a method based on the arithmetic mean in order to obtain unbiased estimates for the...