This paper examines the role of rewards-based and equity-based crowdfunding in funding new businesses. In this model, crowdfunding is a unique technology that serves as a real option for production and eliminates downside risk. It affords entrepreneurs who face uncertain consumer demand a viable...

We study whether the credit default swap (CDS) spreads of firms reflect the risk from climate transition. We first construct a climate transition risk (CTR) factor by using information on the vulnerability of a firm's value to the transition to a low-carbon economy. We then document how this...

It is generally acknowledged that one of the risks faced by any company is FX risk, especially when the business operates internationally. For individual companies, exposure to FX risk results in different financial implications, stressing such parameters as the industry affiliation and the...

A number of indicators can be assessed for a company's financial health, with indebtedness indicators being one of the important ones. The formation of the financial structure is influenced by a huge number of factors. The subject of this research is the indebtedness of companies in the...

The article examines the market valuation approach using industry market multiples as this method has recently attracted increasing interest from appraisers. It investigates whether constructing one’s own industry market multiples for company valuation which are based on a market approach...

We examine the relationship between firms' performance and credit constraints affecting export market entry. The existing research assumes that variation in firms' financial conditions identifies credit constraints. A critical assumption is that financial conditions do not affect real outcomes...

This paper is concerned with the valuation and analysis of default-risky debt instruments with arbitrary interest and principal payments. For the valuation, we use three nested multivariate extensions of the standard Merton (1974) model for pricing risky zero-coupon bonds. First, we present a...

We use variation in state corporate income tax rates to re-examine the relation between taxes and corporate leverage. Contrary to prior research, we find that corporate leverage rises after tax cuts for small private firms. An estimated dynamic equilibrium model shows that tax cuts make capital...

This paper examines the impact of financial market development, financial crises and deposit insurance on bank risk based on macro data of 86 countries during the period 1998-2014. The results show that banking sector development and stock market development have opposing effects on bank risk...

There have been a renewed focus on portfolio management of deposit money banks since the global financial crisis of 2007-09. This renewed focus is based on the understanding that an efficient portfolio management reduces risks and loss associated with uncertainty of investment returns which may...