Credit rating agencies (CRAs) are less likely and slower to downgrade firms with performance sensitive debt (PSD) if these downgrades increase borrowing costs. This effect is not driven by selection into PSD contracts, borrowers hiding information from CRAs, or by firms about to lose their...

The study aims to analyze the performance of both Islamic and conventional stock markets, particularly at normal time and during the Subprime crisis period. The performance has been assessed by reference to one of the most important financial concepts, extremely useful in investment selections,...

Technological advancements in the means of production are the driving force behind the changes in the prevailing system of socio-economic relations. Feudalism was transformed into capitalism as a result of such advancements. While man obtained physical freedom, the financial freedom remained...

This study looks into the relationship between stock returns and volatility in South Africa and China stock markets. A Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model is used to estimate volatility of the stock returns, namely, the Johannesburg Stock Exchange FTSE/JSE...

This paper shows that the notion of rate of return is best understood through the lens of the average-internal-rate-of-return (AIRR) model, first introduced in Magni (2010a). It is an NPV-consistent approach based on a coherent definition of rate of return and on the notion of Chisini mean, it...

The purpose of this study is to analyse the overall performance of Yinson Holdings Berhad which represents one of the company’s in oil and gas industry. The data collected from annual report of Yinson holdings Berhad starting from 2011 to 2015. The measurement of credit, operating, and...

This paper examines the relationships between Kawan Food Berhad company performance with specific risk.The Kawan Food Berhad performance also being evaluated by an index based on 9 attributes score. The data obtained from annual report of Kawan Food Berhad from 2011 till 2015. The measurement of...

This study is conducted to investigate the overall performance of Cocoaland Holdings Berhad based on determined risk elements and some other macroeconomic elements to evaluate the profitability performance of the company. The data in this study retrieved from the annual report of the company...

The aim of this study is to determine the overall performance of Apollo Food Holdings Berhad with specific risk factors and macroeconomic factor on profitability performance. The data obtained from annual report of Apollo Food Holdings Berhad starting from 2011-2015. The overall performance of...

The objective of this study is to examine the performance of Sliver Ridge Holdings Berhad as a whole with clearly defined risk factors and macroeconomic influence that contribute to its performance. The data is obtained from the yearly report of Silver Ridge Holdings Berhad from 2011-2015....