The emergence of cloud banking in developing economies from billions of cell phones transacting both legal tender and informal units of accounts has created a need to reconsider habits of thinking about the nature of money and banking in advanced societies. The dysfunctional nature of modern...

The purpose of the paper is to consider how the financial system might change from technology that is introducing new forms of electronic money that by-passes banks, current laws and institutional practices. The introductory first Section identifies the illogical and inefficient features of the...

The research question is how might firms obtain the incentive to minimize any negative environmental impact arising from their business? One way is for the constitutions of firms to be amended, with or without a tax incentive, to integrate environmental stewardship into their governance...

The research questions of this paper are: Has the efficacy of corporate governance improved by the transfer of national bundles of governance practices between jurisdictions? Have more and bigger corporations improved macro economic efficacy? Corporate regulation has substantially increased over...

The research question of this paper is how might investors enhance their returns by amending corporate constitutions and/or by-laws of investee corporations? Porter (1992) identified how European and Japanese firms obtained systemic competitive advantages over US firms because US firms lacked...

This paper considers criteria for regulators to accept non-official currencies that could make a contribution in reducing systemic risks and costs. Cell phone technology has made practical the re-introduction of negative interest rate/cost carrying money widely introduced privately in Europe and...