The authors develop a necessary and a sufficient condition for an improvement in terms of trade to reduce welfare under a general setting, which can accommodate various types of market structures and trade distortions. They also apply the conditions to two specific cases, viz., export subsidies...

Using a multicountry model with perfect-foresight dynamic optimization by infinitely-lived households, the authors analyze the dynamics of macroeconomic nonmonetary and monetary variables. The authors show that the most patient country initially accumulates foreign debt but eventually...

This article is an attempt to formalize Chapter 17 of Keynes's General Theory using a continuous dynamic optimization model with perfect foresight. I present two subjective interest rates: the time preference rate and the liquidity premium that, respectively, govern the consumption-saving and...

We consider a competitive two-country monetary model with infinitely-lived optimizing agents and sluggish price adjustment, in which households can buy only the commodities sold in their own country and firms allocate products between the two countries so that the expected marginal revenue...

The authors develop a partial equilibrium model of foreign direct investment (FDI) in which identical foreign firms locate themselves in a host country to compete in an oligopolistic market for a nontradeable commodity. The host country, assumed to be small in the market for FDI, makes use of...

This paper examines a mechanism of liquidity-preference fluctuations caused by people's learning behavior. % about the frequency of a liquidity shock. When observing a financial shock, they rationally update their belief so that the subjective probability of encountering it again is higher,...

This paper presents a two-country two-commodity dynamic model with free international asset trade in which one country achieves full employment and the other suffers long-run unemployment. Own and spill-over effects of changes in policy, technological and preference parameters that emerge...