We provide empirical evidence that stock market crises are spread globally through asset holdings of international investors. By separating emerging market stocks into two categories, namely, those that are eligible for purchase by foreigners (accessible) and those that are not (inaccessible),...

In this thesis, I explore the properties of a martingale hypothesis test, and present three applications of the test that address empirical questions in asset-pricing finance. The martingale test exploits the lack of correlation between forecast error and the current information set. The test is...