Valuuttamarkkinoiden volyymin nopea kasvu on lisännyt tuntuvasti valuuttakauppoihin liittyviä transaktiokustannuksia ja riskejä. Pankit ovat ottaneet käyttöön viime vuosina erilaisia valuuttakauppojen netotusmenetelmiä kustannusten ja riskien pienentämiseksi. Netottamisella tarkoitetaan...

Shocks to monetary and fiscal policy have played a major role in public debt developments in the OECD countries since the mid-1970s. According to the applied VAR approach, these shocks, taken together, explained, on average, about half of the forecast error variation in the debt to GDP ratio,...

Shocks to monetary and fiscal policy have played a major role in public debt developments in the OECD countries since the mid-1970s. According to the applied VAR approach, these shocks, taken together, explained, on average, about half of the forecast error variation in the debt to GDP ratio,...