This paper reviews and compares patent pools, intellectual property clearinghouses and copyright collectives as …

This paper investigates the effect of different patent regimes on R&D investment and social welfare in a duopoly market … with uncertain R&D process. We find that strong patent protection increases R&D investment of at least one firm but whether … both firms' R&D investment will be more under strong patent protection is ambiguous. While ex-ante welfare is more likely …

national incentives for patent protection? What is the rationale for international coordination over patent policies? Given …

This paper analyzes the relationship between technology licensing and the effectiveness of patent protection. Using the … the patenting and licensing decisions are jointly determined. We find that increases in the effectiveness of patent … unimportant. In contrast, for firms better positioned to bring new technologies to market, increases in patent effectiveness …

At which stage in the production chain should patent licensing takes place? In this paper we show that under realistic … circumstances a patent holder would be better off by licensing downstream. This occurs when the licensing revenue can depend on the … when, instead, we assume that the downstream licensee is less informed about the validity of the patent. In most cases …