The infamous Blackberry case brought new attention to so-called 'patent trolls' and began the general association of … trolls with 'non-practicing' patent holders. This has had important legal consequences: Namely, patent holders have been … denied injunctive relief because they did not practice the patents themselves. In this paper we analyze how patent holders …

This paper analyzes patent pools and their effects on innovation incentives. It is shown that the pro …-competitive effects of patent pools for complementary patents naturally extend for dynamic innovation incentives. However, this simple … case, the licensing fees reflect the strength of patents. Patent pools of complementary patents can be used to discourage …