this relatively new challenge, the PRC and Italy stand out, owing to their regional appeal, their involvement in … exercise UJ can also be inspected on a crime-by-crime basis; for instance, with regards to genocide, political arguments from …, Italy’s lack of UJ practice can be explained through the lenses of its overenthusiastic support for the ICC as the most …

likelihood of future criminal justice involvement fell, with no apparent increase in local crime rates. …

We evaluate whether California's state proposition 47 impacted state violent and property crime rates. Passed by the …-level crime rates that exploit heterogeneity in the effects of the proposition on local criminal justice practices. We find little … evidence of an impact on violent crime rates in the state. Once changes in offense definitions and reporting practices in key …