punishment to former inmates recommitting a crime can be considered as good as randomly assigned. Based on a unique data set on … recommit a crime by 1.24 percent: this corroborates the general deterrence hypothesis. However, this effect depends on the time …

disproportionately incarcerated. The perception that immigration adversely affects crime rates led to legislation in the 1990s that … activity, consistent with increasingly positive selection along this dimension. -- Assimilation ; crime ; immigration …

increases recidivism. -- Crime ; prison ; deterrence …

The perception that immigration adversely affects crime rates led to legislation in the 1990s that particularly …