Financial responsibility of the EU resulting from investor-state arbitration is a politically sensitive topic that is currently shaping the emerging European international investment policy. What degree of protection can be granted to foreign investors in negotiations of future EU investment...

French abstract: Les règlements du Centre international pour le règlement des différends relatifs aux investissements (CIRDI) ont évolué à plusieurs reprises au cours de leurs presque soixante ans d’existence. Cet article se penche sur l’évolution la plus récente, à savoir les...

International investment disputes arising out of investment treaties are a matter of heated debate and the appropriately normative method of channeling investment-related conflict is of increasing concern. This article serves two core purposes. First, it provides a detailed overview of...

Notorious for its non-participation in the international system of investment protections, Brazil is one of the most popular destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI) around the world. But unlike most countries, including its neighbours in Latin America, Brazil is neither party to any...

In recent years, the negotiation and conclusion of international investment agreements (IIAs) in Latin America has gone hand-in-hand with a rethinking of investment standards and the elaboration of new IIA models. This is evident, among others, in Brazil’s cooperation and facilitation...

Have investors used NAFTA Chapter 11 to thwart the fair application of environmental protection measures? Are the compensation awards discouraging governments from taking environmental protection measures they would otherwise want to take? This report empirically reviews four arbitrations under...

There is little doubt that res iudicata is a general principle of law. But its application in investment treaty arbitration remains varied. A recent fracture in the case law of investment tribunals concerns the apparent dilemma of the res iudicata effect, if any, of interlocutory, i.e....

Since the inception of the international investment law system, investment promotion and protection have been the raison d’être of investment treaties and states have confined their policy space in order to attract foreign investment and protect their investors abroad. Languishing in relative...

Market access is the most important liberalizing principle in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). It entails a general prohibition of quantitative restrictions, which however is conditional on commitments undertaken by Members in their respective Schedules of Commitments. Case-law...