China is believed to have the world's largest exploitable reserves of shale gas, although several legal, regulatory, environmental, and investment-related issues will likely restrain its exploitation. China's capacity to face these hurdles successfully and produce commercial shale gas will have...

There remains a broad conflict over the direction of future progress in international competition law. This conflict is exemplified by the very different tone and recommendation of expert commentators such as Judge Diane Wood and Eleanor Fox. This conflict is generally portrayed as a dichotomous...

While many believed the introduction of minimum standards and greater enforcement for intellectual property rights (IPRs) through the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) sufficiently placated the major industrialized nations' demands for strong IPRs, it now...

Standard political economy analysis suggests that, in China and India, as in other countries, domestic producers interested in protection would be able to overcome domestic consumers interested in inexpensive goods without the political intervention of domestic producers interested in promoting...

This chapter provides an overview of international developments since TRIPS that further impact access to medicine. In particular, some countries are now required to adopt higher standards than those required by TRIPS. These “TRIPS-Plus” standards are predominantly implemented as a result of...

In 2018 the Trump Administration imposed tariffs on solar panels, washing machines, steel, aluminum, and goods from China. Affected states responded with retaliatory tariffs outside WTO dispute settlement because the US was blocking Appellate Body appointments. Superficially, trade retaliation...

The WTO's Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) is an important agreement that aims to simplify and simplify trade procedures, lower trade costs and increase transparency and predictability in global trade. For Bangladesh, a highly export-dependent developing country, TFA offers significant...

In China – Measures Affecting the Protection and Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights, the Panel addressed three main issues: 1. The relationship between China’s censorship laws and its obligations to protect copyright under the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property...

Just as a person who is mugged in a dark alley doesn't know which assailant struck which blow, an ailing domestic producer may not know which country's imports have caused it injury. So reasoned the Tariff Commission, predecessor to the International Trade Commission, in deciding to cumulate the...

This article considers the inherent illogic of existing approaches to applying U.S. trade law to Non-Market Economy (NME) countries. U.S. trade law is largely based upon the premise that free trade is best, so long as it is essentially fair. Of the areas of trade law that control this balance...