Section 31(8) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 as originally enacted dealt with costs in arbitration. The evolution of the law on the subject led to dissatisfaction. After numerous calls for reforms, the Law Commission of India in its 246th Report sought overhaul of the existing law...

Despite meaningful efforts to promote better practices and ensure quality among arbitrators and advocates, criticism of American arbitration is at a crescendo. Much of this criticism stems from the fact that arbitration under standard procedures has taken on the trappings of litigation -...

This article considers the nature and future of resulting trusts, and offers a critique of the Birks/Chambers theory of resulting trusts. It argues that the current law cannot be explained, as the Birks/Chambers theory suggests, on the basis of the reversal of unjust enrichment. Instead, the law...

The proper constitution of an Arbitral Tribunal will determine the validity and enforceability of an award. This paper deals with the different problematics that multi arbitrator tribunals, in specific those panels formed under the scheme of party appointed arbitrators can face during the...

What does the law presume when it is proven simply that one person has made a payment of money to another? Surprisingly, there are three candidate answers to this question. First, a number of nineteenth-century authorities hold that ‘when money is paid by one man to another the legal...

A severe prejudice to the criminally accused persists today in some trial courts' analyses under the helpfulness prong, the often overlooked part of the test to admit expert testimony. Removing the reliability prong from the discussion, this article focuses instead on courts' treatment of...

This short paper focuses on the problem of reference class in evidentiary assessment as it relates to probability and weight of evidence. The reluctance to inject mathematical formalism into the factfinding function is justified. Objective probability requires a reference class from which a...

This article examines the benefits of the class action for New Zealand consumers. It analyses the current operation of the New Zealand class action and recommends significant reform to expand the use of the class action and to give clear specific guidelines on its operation. The author defines a...

This book analyzes the scope of judicial authority and discretion to recognize the equitable doctrine of unclean hands as a bar to actions seeking damages in the United States. Bringing an American perspective to the contentious conversation about law – equity fusion in other countries of the...

The first Neighbourhood Justice Centre has recently been set up in Australia and forms part of a worldwide neighbourhood justice movement which focuses upon local justice solutions. These models are based around community courts operating as part of broader justice initiatives which reposition...