As emerging market businesses increasingly seek credit through United States and other international financial markets, hedge funds and other market players more actively trade claims to their debt. Such creditors accordingly confront in greater measure the disconnect between the integrity,...

This paper explores how organization and contract design has evolved to address regulatory challenges in risk management. In the early part of the century, futures exchanges responded to credit risks by developing clearing houses that act as guarantors. The liability structure of the clearing...

Financial regulation is a much debated topic for some time. The history of financial instruments started at a time when people started giving value to physical objects over and above its inherent utility. Right from the very beginning of their existence, it has been acknowledged that financial...

This paper analyzes key clauses relevant to valuation in the 1992 ISDA Master Agreement. The paper focuses principally on the section 14 definitions of: Market Quotation and Loss and on ISDA's Basic Set-off Provision which is frequently added via the Master Agreement Schedule. Additional clauses...

This article focuses on the operation of supervisory colleges after implementation of the first pillar of the European Union's Banking Union -- the Single Supervisory Mechanism. The article concludes that the operation of supervisory colleges for cross-border banks, particularly those that...

Governance at banks, especially major banks, requires further reform, especially with respect to incentives. Supervisors are concerned that incentives may make executives prone to take “excessive” risks. Shareholders are concerned that banks rarely earn their cost of capital.What's needed is...

This paper is the first one that uses a panel data of different types of shareholder protection in order to examine (i) the effect of such laws on stock market development and (ii) the convergence of shareholder protection laws through cross-border mergers and acquisitions. We find significant...