"Lawfare" is the idea that international law only exists as a strategem; that states only comply with or create international rules as part of their quest for power; that power, not law or morality or even trade dominates international relations; and that states are rational power maximizers. As...

Currently, a de facto global antitrust system, constructed on the basis of emulation of the converging U.S.-E.U. anti-trust/competition law regime is anchoring global laws about unfair business practices as to price fixing and production quotas, inter alia. This de facto system is not yet based...

This paper sets out the basics of the Import substitution - industrialization (ISI) model for development, the socialist variant of ISI and the neo-liberal theory of developing, critiquing each in turn. Each of these models failed, for different reasons, and in different ways, to attain...

The European Union (EU) is founded on conceptual variants within liberalism such as corporatism and ordo-liberalism which are collectivist, not individualist, social, not contractarian, and confederal, not federal. The institutions and laws which grow from these concepts often, but not always,...

Free trade and environmental protection are two norms which sometimes collide. The resolution of colliding norms can occur either using a formalist "descriptive" analysis, or using a "prescriptive" approach of legal realism. It may seem intuitive to imagine realism and formalism as mutually...

This article outlines the general principles of European environmental law so that common law jurists can understand their potentials and limits as a means to protect the environment. Though general principles of law are important as a source or at least as a persuasive guide to law in civilian...

Sovereign state power, absolute and unlimited, was to guarantee the lives and property of citizens. Instead, States became vectors for mass violence. The realist/atomist model of sovereignty failed to preserve peace and instead led to global wars of mass destruction. The same technological...