. Disamenities from freeways, versus their commuting benefits, likely played a significant role in the decentralization of U …

, residence attractiveness and bilateral commuting frictions). This methodology holds in the class of spatial models that are … characterized by a structural gravity equation for commuting. We show that the increased openness of counties to commuting is mainly … explained by reductions in bilateral commuting frictions, consistent with the expansion of the interstate highway network and …