households. The theory predicts that bribery is more attractive to both parties when the client is richer, and we find …

This paper examines the effectiveness of corruption control depending upon whether the bribe taker or the bribe giver … paid bureaucrats demand smaller bribes. Some implications for anti-corruption policy are discussed …

corruption, this paper examines whether formal sector productive (unproductive) entrepreneurial activity is associated with lower … corruption by asking whether corruption affects entrepreneurial outcomes primarily through its effects on the shadow economy. I … contend that if this is the case, then estimates of corruption should serve as a good instrument for shadow economy size in …

We investigate the relationship between corruption and political stability, from both theoretical and empirical …-shaped relationship between total corruption and stability. On the empirical side, we find a robust U-shaped pattern between country … indices of corruption perception and various measures of incumbent stability, including historically-observed average tenures …

This first cross-country analysis of the causes of corruption in religious organizations provides evidence in support …. Their appointment and promotion should, however, be regulated by the state. Both factors are shown to confine corruption. In … strategy for mitigating religious corruption. More generally, these results suggest that the private sector may indeed be …

attitudes to corruption, and how these may shape the competition for the right to extract resources in a developing country …

public life. Cheaper plomo and more resources subject to official discretion are associated with more frequent corruption and … cheaper plata can lower the ability of public officials. Protecting officials from accusations of corruption (immunity) will … decrease the frequency of corruption and may increase the quality of politicians if the judiciary is weak. These predictions …

This article presents a model of non-monetary sanctions with corruption. It is a well-known result in the law … enforcement literature that in the absence of corruption, non-monetary sanctions, such as imprisonment, should be imposed … infrequently. We show that, in the presence of corruption, it is still sometimes optimal to use non-monetary sanctions. In fact, it …

In this paper, we analyze daily-life corruption on the micro-level that affects average citizens in their daily lives … create a tipping point in the context of corruption. In this model, we introduce variables representing punishment and reward … as legal failures, increasing transparency, and how one should conduct an anti-corruption campaign …