productive structure geared more toward services and agriculture than manufacturing may make it easier to keep subsidy … subsidy expenditures …

Energy subsidy reform is critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and tackling climate change. This … and supporting energy subsidy reforms. I find that, outside of analytical work in support of international diplomatic … politically sensitive energy subsidy reform. …

emissions are examined using the G-Cubed multi-country general equilibrium model of the world economy. Both the gains in …

not available as a policy option, a second-best biofuel subsidy may or may not be positive. In the large-country case, the … subsidy for the food exporter. Finally, we show that when both nations engage in biofuel policies, the terms-of-trade effects … encourage the Nash equilibrium subsidy to be positive (negative) for the food exporting (importing) nation …

Different reports including the broadly cited OECD fossil fuel subsidy inventory arrive at high monetary values of … Germany and Russia have similar subsidy levels in the OECD inventory, the national net carbon price in Germany is 50 €/tCO2 …

would be much more affected than other sectors. Thus, a large-scale industrial electricity price subsidy does not seem to be … well beyond the temporary nature of the subsidy. …

Governments all over the world have invested tens of billions of dollars in car scrappage programs to fuel the economy … focus is on the incidence of the subsidy, i.e., we ask how much of the € 2,500 buyer subsidy is captured by the supply … subsidy amount. However, the incidence was heterogeneous across price segments. Subsidized buyers of cheap cars paid more than …