The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) under the WTO is a newly-born and the first ever multilateral agreement on trade in services. Despite of potential development and welfare prospects abound in the services sector, only moderate liberalization has been achieved under the GATS and...

We argue that the rationalization gains often predicted by static applied general equilibrium models with imperfect competition and scale economies are artificially boosted by an unrealistic treatment of fixed costs. We introduce sunk costs into one such model calibrated with real-world data. We...

We develop a new general equilibrium model of trade with heterogeneous firms, variable demand elasticities and endogenously determined wages. Trade integration favors wage convergence, intensifies competition, and forces the least efficient firms to leave the market, thereby affecting aggregate...

The vacuum left by stalled global trade negotiations has led to two tracks of negotiations in the Asia Pacific: an Asian track centered on ASEAN and a Trans-Pacific track based on the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement, currently in negotiation by 11 economies including the United States. Both...

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations could create way-stations toward the Free Trade Agreement of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP). They could yield new, regionally acceptable rules and facilitate experimentation with and adjustment to...

Neither of the major negotiations underway in the Asia-Pacific region, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, includes both China and the United States. By failing to connect these economies, these agreements would leave much of the economic and...

How do firms' financial constraints, which restrict their borrowing, dynamically impact exports? This paper finds that after controlling for the endogeneity of financial constraints, constrained firms are less likely to export, and relaxing financial constraints leads to an increase in exports....

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector in Indonesia is recently developing in a rapid way. However, there are still some obstacles to widen its market and to compete in the field of business. Financial Services Authority (FSA) is legalizing crowdfunding system to be implemented in...

This paper provides an economic analysis of the trade conflict between the US and China, providing an overview of the tariff increases, a discussion of the background of the trade conflict, and an analysis of the economic effects of the trade conflict, based both on empirics (ex post analysis)...

Mainstream economic wisdom favoring cooperative free trade is challenged by a wave of disruptive trade policies. In this paper, we provide quantitative evidence concerning the economic impacts of tariffs implemented by the United States in 2018 and the subsequent retaliations by partner...