We study the role of firm heterogeneity and imperfect competition for global production networks and the gains from trade. We develop a quantifiable trade model with two-sided firm heterogeneity, matching frictions, and oligopolistic competition upstream. More productive buyers endogenously...

We study how disruptions to the supply of foreign critical inputs (FCIs) - that is, inputs primarily sourced from extra-EU countries with highly concentrated supply, advanced technology products, or which are key to the green transition - might affect value added at different levels of...

This study explores the nexus of digitalization, formalization, and global value chain (GVC) participation, providing critical insights into inclusive growth. Despite the importance of the nexus, common notions regarding the positive effects of digitalization on enterprise formalization and GVC...

Does export lead to improvement in labor market outcomes? The answer to this is not always clear from the literature. Despite the rising role of export markets, informality is still high, and inequality is worsening in many developing economies. In addition, export expansion driven by...

The epidemic caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected international trade activities between Asian developing and emerging economies, especially the ASEAN region. This paper aims to examine and measure the impact of COVID-19 and government responses on trade flow using the...