conflict exposure (ACE) among Turkish conscripts. Our empirical framework identifies the causal impact and isolates the … evidence that ACE fosters parochialism, measured by increased opposition to peaceful means of conflict resolution, animosity …

the costs of continuing fighting. Using a sample of 87 wars and new data on sanctions and sanction types, I show that … conflict resolution, whereas those sanctions not imposed by such institutions tend to increase the probability of a military …

International involvement in the Yugoslavia conflict / James B. Steinberg--Iraq's repression of its civilian population …

This paper presents evidence of political legacies of exposure to a violent class conflict over 100 years. We revisit … the Finnish Civil War of 1918 and first trace out the impact of local conflict exposure on electoral outcomes over a … persistently and negatively affected by civil war casualties on both sides of the conflict. Our evidence suggests that this effect …

We present a Stackelberg model of conflict, in which contestants have limited endowments to be put in two separate … sectors, thus incorporating salient features of many conflicts. The model is applied to the case of conflict over natural … between conflict intensity and resource rents is non-monotonous, and that the economy's income growth rate may be negatively …