The writing of this article predates by several months the failure of Silicon Valley Bank and the takeover of Credit Suisse which occurred in March 2023. It does not represent the views of the European Central Bank (ECB) and should not be construed as linked to or an advice for the winding down...

This paper describes Norges Bank's micro stress testing framework for assessing the Norwegian banking sector's losses on loans to the non-financial enterprise sector. Using projected macro variables and a stock-flow approach, annual financial statements of every firm in Norway are projected five...

Seit 16 Jahren sinkt die Anzahl der Unternehmensinsolvenzen in Deutschland, nur kurz unterbrochen durch die Folgen der globalen Finanzmarkt- und Wirtschaftskrise 2008/2009. Die stabile wirtschaftliche Entwicklung mit steigenden Einkommen und wachsender Beschäftigung dürfte hierzu ebenso...

We augment the LLSV creditor rights index with a new "restructuring index" that measures the incentives provided to creditors to grant concessions outside formal bankruptcy. We study the joint impact of the two indexes on a firm's leverage policy. We show that the two indexes have at most a...

We propose a tractable model of a firm's dynamic debt and equity issuance policies in the presence of asymmetric information. Because "investment-grade" firms can access debt markets, managers who observe a bad private signal can both conceal this information and shield shareholders from...

De- and re-levering betas is important to obtain discount rates for assets that are not publicly traded. A de- and re-levering procedure is around for the case of risk-free debt. The procedure for risky debt is much less clear even under very simplifying assumptions. In this paper, I concretize...

CDS spreads are often used as market's view of credit risk. There is no popular alternative to it; perhaps only the distance-to-default measure based on Merton (1974) comes close to it. In this paper we investigate the relationship between these two measures for large European banks in post...

We utilize several unique firm-level datasets in order to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the government support aiming to curb the economic consequences of the coronavirus (COVID19) pandemic. The results, drawing on the experience of a small open European country (Slovakia), suggest...

A firm’s current leverage ratio is one of the core characteristicsof credit quality used in statistical default prediction models. Based on thecapital structure literature, which shows that leverage is mean-reverting to atarget leverage, we forecast future leverage ratios and include them in...

This paper develops a model of corporate investment and financing decisions thatdiffers from previous contributions by recognizing that firms face uncertainty regardingtheir future access to credit markets and may have to search for creditors when raisingdebt financing. We show that accounting...