Green assets delivered high returns in recent years. This performance reflects unexpectedly strong increases in environmental concerns, not high expected returns. German green bonds outperformed their higher-yielding non-green twins as the "greenium" widened, and U.S. green stocks outperformed...

We estimate financial institutions' portfolio tilts that relate to stocks' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) characteristics. We find ESG-related tilts totaling 6% of the investment industry's assets under management in 2021. ESG tilts are significant at both the extensive margin...

We estimate financial institutions’ portfolio tilts that relate to stocks’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) characteristics. We find ESG-related tilts totaling 6% of the investment industry’s assets under management in 2021. ESG tilts are significant at both the extensive margin...