A firm's termination leads to bankruptcy costs. This may create an incentive for outside stakeholders or the firm's debtholders to bail out the firm as bankruptcy looms. Because of this implicit guarantee, firm shareholders have an incentive to increase volatility in order to exploit the...

This chapter surveys research on agent-based models used in finance. It will concentrate on models where the use of computational tools is critical for the process of crafting models which give insights into the importance and dynamics of investor heterogeneity in many financial settings.

All conceivable solutions to the internal rate of return equation are shown to have meaning as well as use. Internal rates of return are the units in which value is measured and the quantities of such units. This result implies a single internal rate of return cannot be an investment criterion....

We present a numerically efficient approach for machine-learning a risk-neutral measure for paths of simulated spot and option prices up to a finite horizon under convex transaction costs and convex trading constraints. This approach can then be used to implement a stochastic implied volatility...

This paper undertakes a simulation study to investigate (a) the performance of alternative hedging strategies against various derivatives risks and (b) the impact of model misspecification on hedging performance. The hedging strategies considered in this paper include the single-instrument...

This paper investigates the predictability of stock market movements using text data extracted from the social media platform, Twitter. We analyse text data to determine the sentiment and the emotion embedded in the Tweets and use them as explanatory variables to predict stock market movements....

We propose two tests for the equality of covariance matrices between two high-dimensional populations. One test is on the whole variance-covariance matrices, and the other is on offdiagonal sub-matrices which define the covariance between two non-overlapping segments of the high-dimensional...

Motivated by the latest effort to employ banded matrices to estimate a high-dimensional covariance Σ , we propose a test for Σ being banded with possible diverging bandwidth. The test is adaptive to the “large p , small n ” situations without assuming a specific parametric distribution for...

This note gives a simple proof of the existence and monotonicity of optimal debt contracts in simple models of borrowing and lending with ex-post asymmetric information, risk-averse agents and heterogeneous beliefs. Our argument is based on the concept of nondecreasing rearrangement and on a...

Evolutionary algorithms are not new and have been developed, both their concepts and framework, since around the 1950's based on the idea that the evolutionary process could be used as a general-purpose optimization tool. The goal of this paper is to propose an alternative to classical...