We examine whether inflation expectations obtained by open- and closed-ended questions lead to different inflation expectations through a randomized controlled trial. We find that different questionnaires measure significantly different inflation expectations, especially in the short term. We...

We examine whether inflation expectations obtained by open- and closed-ended questions lead to different inflation expectations through a randomized controlled trial. We find that different questionnaires measure significantly different inflation expectations, especially in the short term. We...

To make more accurate international comparisons of R&D expenditure, the development of purchasing power parities applicable to R&D expenditure (R&D PPPs) is advocated. These will allow direct comparisons of the quantity of goods and services that can actually be purchased with the R&D...