Die wirtschaftliche Situation vieler Entwicklungsländer ist durch große makroökonomische Instabilitäten gekennzeichnet, die von binnen- und außenwirtschaftlichen Ungleichgewichten hervorgerufen werden. Intern sind es hohe Inflationsraten, Haushaltsdefizite und Arbeitslosenquoten. Extern...

This evaluation is the first comprehensive assessment of World Bank Group's multisectoral engagement in pollution management with 534 projects and USD 34 billion commitment during FY04-17. It finds that the Bank Group has made significant progress in improving pollution management in client...

The Bank Group's lending and non-lending support for environmental sustainability has increased and improved over the past 15 years. But the institution needs to raise the priority it accords to this area of rising concern, strengthen internal cooperation, and work more effectively with its...

Ocean conservation and sustainable use cannot be pursued or achieved without consideration of the planetary impacts of climate change, and particularly the role of the oceans in both mitigation and adaptation. For this reason, the international community has increasingly committed to providing...

This paper examines the determinants of bilateral environmental aid to mitigate climate change, using an empirically testable multilateral framework in which both donors and recipient countries compete in world export markets. Potential donors tend to behave strategically, weighing environmental...

This paper aims to examine the relationship between growth and pollution, especially in developing countries that struggle with adverse effects caused by the climate crisis. By using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework, the effect of GDP on four air pollutants was investigated with a...