To understand the degree of intergenerational mobility in the United States, and the differences between Americans and others, it is important to appreciate the workings and interaction of three fundamental institutions: the family, the market, and the state. But comparisons can also be...

We study fair and efficient tax-benefit schemes based on income and non-income factors under partial control. Partial control means that each factor is a specific mixture of unobserved ability (randomly drawn by nature) and effort (chosen by individuals who differ in tastes). Factors differ in...

We put together the different conceptual issues involved in measuring inequality of opportunity, discuss how these concepts have been translated into computable measures, and point out the problems and choices researchers face when implementing these measures. Our analysis identifies and...

Previous research provided ambiguous results on the association between average student performance and inequality of opportunity measured by the effect of family background on student achievement. In this paper we explore this association distinguishing between inequality of opportunity at the...

Building on earlier work by political philosophers, economists have recently sought to define a concept of equity that accommodates the fairness of reward to individual responsibility and effort, while allowing for the existence of some inequalities which are unfair and should be compensated....

Das Ziel eines jeden Bildungssystems sein muss es sein, allen Kindern weitestgehend unabhängig von ihrem sozioökonomischen Hintergrund die gleichen Möglichkeiten zur Entfaltung ihres Potentials zu bieten. Dass eine vollständige Entkoppelung von Merkmalen sozioökonomischer Herkunft und...