In order to solve the security problems like single point failure, maliciously access or even destruction of the authorizing node that was caused by the lack of knowledge of trust evaluation of interactional nodes, this article proposes a trust evaluation strategy for single sign-on solutions in...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to clarify agricultural services into five categories, including agricultural materials supply service, financial service, technical service, machinery service and processing and sales service, and to examine the effect of agricultural services on cost...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse how different strengths of simmelian ties affect knowledge spirals and investigate which major factors affect the influence of simmelian ties on knowledge spirals. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical data in this paper were collected...

The recently proposed canonical least-squares Monte Carlo (CLM) method is extended by incorporating uniquely a variance constraint in the derivation of the equivalent martingale measure used by CLM. This derivation can be viewed as a change of measure numerically by modifying both the drift term...