The nested-simulation is commonly used for calculating the predictive distribution of the total variable annuity (VA …) liabilities of large VA portfolios. Due to the large numbers of policies, inner-loops and outer-loops, running the nested-simulation … models is incorporated into the nested-simulation algorithm so that the relationship between the inputs and the outputs of a …

simulation set considers scaled-up government actions with the aim of fully achieving the 2015 international MDG targets with … designed a second simulation set that is focused on the remaining period up to 2015, and on what may be feasible once the …

(EMC), pointed to the complexity and high cost of full-scale tests on the EMC. We propose an alternative - a computer … simulation. However, to move from field tests to computer simulations, it is necessary to solve some important problems: a method …