The structural modeling of open-high-low-close (OHLC) data contained within the candlestick chart is crucial to fnancial practice. However, the inherent constraints in OHLC data pose immense challenges to its structural modeling. Models that fail to process these constraints may yield results...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of manufacturers’ co-production strategy on market segmentation and channel performance under retail competition. Design/methodology/approach: It differs from previous empirical studies by primarily focusing on the increment in...